How to Find Hidden Problems in Older Homes

"Yikes!"water problems elsewhere in the house.
"Uh-oh..."As the ground around a home settles naturally, it can
The homeowner and I were watching our contractorslope in toward the house and begin directing water at
remove deck boards that concealed an area of athe foundation wall. Modern waterproofing systems
foundation wall that we thought might have settled.can delay the subsequent damage for a while, but
The homeowner had noticed a problem when theolder homes don't have sophisticated waterproofing
front door began to stick, and an unmistakable settlingsystems - if they have any at all. Many very old
of the floor under the door had soon followed. Thehomes have porous stone foundations that have no
contractor and I assumed that water had caused theability to repel ground water. Check the grade at the
foundation to settle, leading to a drop of the floorperimeter of the house - settling near the foundation
system - a relatively common problem in older homesmay indicate water in the basement.
that is sometimes easily stabilized and repaired.Plug It In
At this house, however, the problem looked muchWhen your grandparents' family gathered around the
worse. A large section of the band board - a strip ofPhilco radio in the 1930's listening to the Jack Benny
lumber that surrounds the floor system - wasShow they weren't putting much of a load on the
completely rotted. We'd expected some damage tohouse's electrical system - the radio and a lamp or
the band since we were sure that water (the causetwo may have been the only electrical appliances in
of the rotting) was the culprit in the foundation settling.the house.
But here the foundation looked intact. It was the bandBut now there's a TV in every bedroom; two or three
itself that had collapsed, causing the floor system tocomputers; dozens of light fixtures; and a whole
drop several inches. Worse yet, the damage extendedkitchen full of modern electrical conveniences. The
well into the floor joists.appliances have grown - has the electrical system
Ugh. Which one of us was going to give thekept pace?
homeowner the bad news - her minor settling problemEach fixture or appliance "draws" power from outside
in the house she'd recently purchased was rapidlyin the form of amps; the more fixtures, the more
becoming a very expensive major repair?amperage required. If the fixtures need more amps
Not Aging Gracefullythan the electrical system is rated for, the system can
Problems in older homes are often well hidden. Moreoverheat, spark, or fail entirely - all potential fire
often than not, serious damage doesn't show anyhazards. Any home over 40 years old is a likely
symptoms until the damage is significant andcandidate for having an outdated electrical system.
expensive. There are clues, but even trained eyesCheck the electrical panel for the amperage rating -
sometimes have difficulty telling normal wear and tearmodern homes require at least 100 amps and many
from the signs of serious underlying problems.require much more. Older homes may have
Most old-home problems, however, have predictable"fuseboxes" rated for 60 amps or less. Check any
causes and if you know where to look you can findvisible wiring to see if it's made of aluminum, which is
hints that might lead you to discover concealedalso considered a fire hazard and was discontinued
damage. Find the problems early enough and youdecades ago.
might be able to fix them relatively easily, or keepLook around the house - are there lots of extension
yourself from buying into unexpected expensivecords and plug adapters? Are there "burn marks"
repairs.around some switches and outlets? Are there rooms
H-2-Oh No!without any outlets at all? Replacing an electrical
Water is the number one cause of damage in allsystem to remove safety risks or to bring the system
homes, especially older ones. Look for missing orup to current codes can be a very expensive project.
damaged roof shingles, rotted or loose trim boards,Home Sweet (Old) Home
and disconnected or plugged-up gutters andIf you own an old house, keep up with the
downspouts. Problems with gutters and downspoutsmaintenance to prevent costly repairs. If you're thinking
are the biggest cause of water damage - they mustabout buying one, check carefully for the signs of
be cleaned and checked regularly. If you're looking tohidden damage and unsafe conditions first - a little
buy an older home, check the condition of the guttersdetective work might keep you from saying "Yikes!"
and downspouts - they're big clue to finding hiddenone day.