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off Justice in France
Jacques
Institute of Penal Sciences and Criminology
transfer off
off Justice No 90-BJ-CX-0002 Office
off Justice off New York At
. Tea off Justice
R. , aim off
information in transfer off
. Content tea off thesis transfers C
#FFE2F2 off Office off Justice #FFE2F2 U.S.
off Justice.
GENERAL
1. .
France has ,
are 22 areas, 95
, 36,000 , off edge
derived central , hand
has some off .
2. Legal .
Tea legal main off
off civil justice ,
short civil edge boxes.
3. off Justice.
Legal tea in France
training courses S Establishment. Tea training course off
Legal Reaction
France 16th . Tea
procedural procedures At .
Tea 16th Public training course off Reaction,
inquisitorial .
one secret procedures. ,
in legal procedure
off regime 1789. Revolution
off 1789, have
off off offenses
.
Tea Imperial training course off Penal
codes: Code off Instruction off 1808 Penal
Code 1810 off. The Code off Instruction has
off procedure
procedure. The Penal Codes in creation off has off
offenses. With off creation off
thesis codes,
punishment to the particular offender.
off sentence youthful in has
training courses off , ace ,
off , probation, word,
alternatives . In addition,
off .
place in decades.
In 1958, Code off Penal Procedure Code off
Instruction. There 22,1992, is Penal Code
, one 1,1994. Tea
Penal Code tripartite distinction off crimes,
, violations,
Penal Code off 1810.
The Code summons resulting ace
crime, off
off , off
cuts
offenses. definitions off crimes, ace
offenses
are in situations ,
, , crimes ,
genocide.
CRIME
1. Classification off Crime.
* Legal classification. Penal Penal
Procedure, tripartite distinction off offenses one
respective : crimes, ,
violations. ( Penal Codes, Article 111-1). are
distinctions crimes
, aim violations.
Penal Code, crimes edge has 20
sentence has 5 sentence . Edge violations
has 2 sentence. , in , sentence
10 crimes, 3 , 1
violations.
Crimes are ,
, public .
homicide (,
, child murder), violence
(, in has permanent ),
grater ( grater ,
,
simple grater, grater off has 15 off elderly).
, , ,
off trust, , .
public .
* Age off . Elderly tea off
At 18.
* offenses. 66,775 offenses in
1992. Butt 17% off crimes edge Be
. ( off , 1993:43).
2. crime.
Tea one convictions are
off Justice, 1319 9993 Directory
statistics of justice 1319 9993
* . With total off 625 homicide convictions
in 1990, off 373 ace , 212 aces
, 15 infanticidal ace, 25 aces homicides.
* Grate. With total off 735 grater convictions in 1990.
* . 800 convictions
in 1990.
* offense. With total off 20,326 offense
convictions in 1990, offenses ace
, possession, .
* Crime areas. Information .
1. Crime.
No
, Young
are Be .
2. Assistance.
National tea off off Mediation
At Paris (the National institute of Victim assistance and Mediation
has Paris-1' ), in Paris, in
1986. are 100 branches France.
Tea role off , , the East
off .
3. Role off in Continuation .
Moral off
roofing stones off . Tea decision repairs has
crime off (S) crime.
Tea crime
conditions: a) offense ; b)
offend year ; c)
ramming in direct relation
offense.
4. Legislation.
Tea cuts roofing stones.
Yew C , netting
is provided by the state. With off 9,1986
netting off off . With off
6,1990 Be offense
in has roofing stones
off .
ORGANIZES
1. Administration.
Tea role off font
are . Efforts are At
prevention off . are in Paris organizes.
Tea organizes force off off
. At General signal off font
off National Organizes furnace splittings. Tea
Exchange Splitting off General Information controls information
services , , social exits.
The Central Splitting off Organizes in charge off
. The Central off Organizes in
charge off
investigation off offenses.
Tea Splitting off Monitoring in charge off
.
In , administrative font
, ace regulation off traffic. With
special off administrative font, Intervention
off National Organizes (Group of Intervention of
Gendarmerie National) anti-terrorist operations.
In addition, municipal organizes in
.
The organizes force off
defense. Administrative role off and
font in rural . special are
lawful control off organizes
public .
2. Resources.
* . In 1994,26,000,000,000 francs
font. billion
organizes.
* off font. Ace off 1993, are 126,000
organizes personal, off 15,846 , 88,637
agents, 3,750 , 2,005
. year 35,000
organizes 15,unicipal organizes .
Organizes personal 91,263, off 2,621
, 79,936 , 12,319
types off font personnel.
3. .
3.8 billion francs one organizes 2.26
billion francs one Police .
* off font cars. Information .
* . Information .
* . Information .
4. Training Qualifications.
Personal are one organizes has competitive .
Training in . organizes waits
Saint-Cyr military school At Mount of #FFE2F2 10 ,
Canet-Cluse 6 waits , agents
6 awaits.
5. Discretion.
* Use force off. Information .
* Stop/ has suspect. Edge stop year organizes
#FFE2F2 in public face off
yew observes year offends in process off
#FFE2F2 . edge
place in has , off
suspect . Ace long ace cuts public
S office, font edge suspect observation
24 . Tea off observation 48 #FFE2F2 96
in , uses, boxes.
Observable crimes font, has
investigation management off public
information one offense. In
thesis boxes, suspect edge Be observation yew
obviousness decision edge Be has
font . Tea off 24,1993
21 observation, suspects cuts
request year attorney off
detention.
* Decision . Edge year yew organizes
observe year offends in process off gold
has just been committed.
* . edge
, font cuts has crime
#FFE2F2 butt Be .
* Confessions. Information .
6. . Information .
PROCESS
1. off .
* off . Tea has
coil-obtained #FFE2F2 has . Tea
S decision. At
, in
Chamber off Charge. off 24,1993,
Chairman off Charge
Chamber suspends sentence has decision one
. , Be
abusive .
* Assistance . Tea
assistance off year attorney.
2. Procedures.
* procedures has suspect .
, procedure has box short
ace off crime .
procedural are training courses . In font training course,
font has investigation
management off public . process has
suspect, has off suspect, year
observation off suspect, ounce .
investigation, suspect observation 24
, edge public Be off
. Standard off investigation place
suspect crime. organizes
edge observations At scene off crime reports
information public .
Tea training course edge Public Be
#FFE2F2 , Public studies
in charges suspect.
The Public decide box Be
has (15%) off #FFE2F2 Be (85%).
Tea edge continuation has civil
follows suspect, public sustained pressure
share.
Chamber off Charge, instructions
box are year
off suspect. (
off 24,1993, “shows”
“could ”.) Tea edge ,
, warrants suspect. edge
suspect #FFE2F2
. set off instructions
off .
Tea charge
off defense. off Short
decision.
* continuation. Public tea edge
has suspect.
* Alternatives . Suspects are
.
* Proportion off boxes . Information
.
* Pre-trial imprisonment conditions. With Be
observation yew obviousness #FFE2F2 .
Pre-trial detention Be off instruction gold
Chamber off Charge. Tea edge decision
request #FFE2F2 edge uses off .
* Lease procedure. Tea edge Be pre-trial
detention one lease. decision has off
instruction #FFE2F2 Chamber off Charge.
* Proportion off pre-trial . In 1990,
off pre-trial 20,789.
1. Administration.
Court organizes. Police Courts cuts violations off
has off less 2
has maximum fine off 25,000 francs.
Runs. Courts cuts
offenses edge has maximum 10 off .
Runs. Tea Short
crimes cuts possible sentences. Tea
Runs one ad hoc year ( has permanent court).
decisions permanent are boat Be .
Tea Chamber off . Tea Chamber off
off decisions Font
Courts.
Supreme Court off . Tea Supreme Chamber off
implementation off off in runs short.
check decisions implementation off
sentences are , aim
boxes. Given
implementation off in has box, aim C Draw conclusions
ace off box.
2. Special Courts.
Short . runs boxes
offenses Be Font
Courts yew ( authority,
violations).
Runs . runs boxes
offenses.
3. .
* off . In 1990, 5,796 , 50% off
.
Tea Short off
more jury off has. short are
solely by professional magistrates.
* qualifications. are
2 off training National At
off Magistrature.
1. Process.
* given sentence? Tea sentence
short. Tea sets decide
Be .
* Does have special ? Information
.
* Do cuts input process? Tea
, , Public edge express train
opinions At . Expert , ace ,
cut has influence. Tea runs
conclusions off expert .
2. Types off .
* Arrange off. arranges fine
offenses off offenses,
edge Be ace ace
crimes. are ace
off , off Establishments,
service.
With sentence in prison ace
crimes off , , parricide, ,
, . Prison sentences are
crimes off grater, , kidnapping
off has , , , , assistance
off suicide, homicide, off ( authority,
public ).
* penalty. Tea penalty off
9,1981.
PRISON
1. Description.
* Standard off prisons . are types off penal
institutions. Exchange houses cuts
1 in prison. Detention edge
long sentences, drank are
Re-socialization off . Stop Houses
less has sentence.
are has off Stop Houses Central Houses
long shorts sentences.
Semi-liberty house edge Be
shorts off , ,
training, medical #FFE2F2 .
* off prison . Ace off 1990, has total off
49,186 prison .
* off intakes. Tea off intakes
prisons in , 1990,
78,444, off , 75,193. Tea off
imprisonments in open year 91,545, year
off detention off 6.6 .
* population/ off . Ace off 1,
1990, has total 137,757 off in prison
population, off 45,420 in has prison
92,337 in open year . In prison
, 43,400 2,020 .
43,913 in
prison in 1990, off 41,944 1,969
. Off thesis, 30, 884 13,026
.
* #FFE2F2 proportions off .
off convictions off penal population in prisons
in in 1990.
crimes Information
Violent one crimes
(Offenses
) 7,355
crimes
(Offenses
) 9,253
offenses
( offenses
public
) 7,189
Total crimes 23,797
2. Administration.
* Administration. Prison administration
Central off Justice off administration
service services. Tea prison exchange administration
service in Paris. Prison services
At has regional local level, furnace off
: implementation off decisions, rehabilitation,
resources, general administration.
* off prison . In 1990, has total 21,866 off
administrative prison personnel, off 308 in high-level
positions, 1,933 in general administrative positions, 18,137
staff , 550 personal, 899
personal, 100 staff.
* Training qualifications. Information .
* one prison . In 1992,27.8% off budget
off Justice prisons,
5,029,398,244 francs. off detention 252 francs
.
3. Prison Conditions.
* Gave. edge
Penalty Commission Implementation. Tea reduction boat 3
off imprisonment 7
imprisonment .
reduction yew master keys year
but complete #FFE2F2 studies.
, off reduction boat 2
off imprisonment.
sentences edge word. Tea
total reduction off sentence boat 20 #FFE2F2 has
off imprisonment.
* /indoctrination. are , in
principal, prisons are
C. Butt 40% off are .
* /privileges. Prisons are there is
level off conditions
there is moral level, cuts contact
At pre-determined . In sum boxes,
imminent ace but off has relative, edge
containment shorts off .
, social , prison ,
has off religions in rehabilitation off
.
EXTRADITION
* Extradition. Bilateral extradition
: , , , ,
, , , Benign, , ,
, Canada, Central , Chile, ,
, Congo, , Cuba, , Djibouti, ,
, , , , Gabon, ,
, , Iran, , Israel, , Laos, ,
Liberia, Liechtenstein, , Madagascar, Mali, Panama,
, , , Portugal, , ,
Senegal, , , , , ,
Togo, , , Venezuela, Vietnam, , Zaire.
multilateral are extradition in
existence ace :
- International Slavic ,
18,1904.
- Slavic one repression off ,
4,1910.
- one repression off
Slavic , 30,1921.
- one , 20,
1929.
- one repression off traffic,
26,1936. off 11,1946.
- prevention repression off genocide
, 9,1948.
- ( protection, civilian, ,
etc, in box off ), 12,1949.
- one off prostitution off
, 2,1949.
- New York one off ,
11,1952.
- relative off ,
31,1967.
- extradition off Paris,
13,1957.
- Penal off one , 20,
1959.
- Single one , 30,1961.
, 25,1972.
- Tokyo (offenses one year ),
14,1963.
- one word
however probation, 1964.
- Tea La Hague (captures off),
16,1970.
- one protection off
( At signature At New York ),
3,1980.
- one , 21,1971.
- Montreal (civil aviation),
23,1971.
- Strasbourg ( repression),
27,1977.
- traffic off
substances, 20,1988.
* off . Information .
* conditions. Information .
SOURCES
off , “Aspects off
in France in 1992 ", Tea Documentation, 1993.
(Ministry for the Interior, “Aspects of the criminality and of
delinquency in France 1992 ", Documentation
Frenchwoman, 1993).
off Justice, 1319 9993 Directory
statistics of justice 1319 9993 , ED. Documentation
Frenchwoman).
Transfer off Administration,
off Justice, 1992. Tea Documentation.
, B., , 1991 .
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