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The origins of the font are remote. In the charge of provost of Paris appeared, agent to justice and the font, assisted sergeants. In , Philippe the Beautiful one created the institution of the investigating police chiefs. Starting from , the provost of Paris was assisted by a criminal lieutenant, considers crimes committed in Paris and in his surroundings, having under his authority the police chiefs of , system which spread at the big cities. But it is with the general lieutenancy of font of Paris through which was illustrated Nicolas de 1320 1105 that the first font equipped with important capacities made its appearance. In 1667, created, for Paris, the office of lieutenant of font. The police superintendents of , placed under its commands, were assisted sergeants, the free ones and inspectors, ancestors of our police officers legal.
A ministry for the Interior was instituted in 1791. In framework of this new organization, police superintendents were elected (provision which was rather quickly abandoned), the font and the venality of the offices disappeared definitively. One “! police force!” destiny “! to ensure the execution of the laws and the maintenance of law and order inside, on requisition of the magistrates and public officers to which it Constitution allotted the function of it!” was created according to the same terms of the Statement of the human rights and the Citizen, while the gendarmerie, military force, assigned to the rural areas, were distinguished definitively from the font. In 1800, the Police headquarter of Paris was born, and one decided to assign police superintendents in the cities of more than 5000habitants. The criminal Instruction code, promulgated in 1810, conferred in addition important capacities of judicial police on the prefectoral body.
saw the beginning of a movement of nationalization of the municipal police of the big cities, which continued in . In 1907, Georges Clémenceau, then chairman of the Council and home secretary, invented the mobile Brigades. Charged all at the same time seeking and with noting them “! infringements which, by their nature and their exceptional seriousness, interest in an high degree public safety!” and “! to establish between the fonts the link which they miss!” (using files centralized in particular), they were at the origin of the regional services of judicial police. The creation of the National security in April 1934, that of the republican Companies of security and the Counterespionage section in arked the great dates of the organization of the font during first half of .
One of the merits of the new Criminal procedure code, in 1957, was to legalize the existence of the collaborators of the judiciary police officers, become on this occasion the police officers legal. It is a law of July 9th, 1966 which set up the National police force, realizing “! merger!” of all the police services (except the municipal police). These provisions were supplemented in 1969. All the services from now on were placed under the authority of the Head office of the national police force, even if, since then, a certain tendency made its appearance, which consists in parallel to creating the national police force of the bodies of municipal police.
As from the years 1980, the font, because of an increasing social request due to the climb of the urban delinquency and feeling of insecurity which accompanies it, was the subject of a vigorous policy of modernization resting mainly on the formation and the .
The development of the training of the police officers constituted the main axis of the policy concerning the font during the period 1780 1983, which was concretized by the law of modernization of August 8th, 1985. After the guidelines of the formation (1982) inspired by Gaston Defferre, the effort was continued in the same direction with the multiannual Draft contract. The training policy had had as a prolongation creation, on December 3rd, 1981, of a Management of the staff training of font. A Code of practice was adopted on March 18th, 1986.
The policy of of the font, second axis of this vast firm, aimed at organizing the administrative action on the territory, closest to managed, project which supposed the creation of an local police. The public authorities privileged the departmentalization, which involved in 1990 the creation of Departmental managements of the national police force, gathering the urban Fonts, the General informations and the Font of the air and the borders. This policy continued with creation, in 1992, of the Central management of the territorial font which reproduced on the national plan the territorial regroupings. This reform, since partially called into question, leads to the constitution of a new model of organization characterized by the professionalisation of the agents, the of the structures, but also by the installation of a policy of transparency, based on the requirement of a font “! citizen! ”, in particular making carry its effort on the patrolling the block, the greeting in the catering services, the processing of the complaints, the dialog of the police officer with the inhabitants. Moreover, since 1989, the security policies were integrated in the policy of the city, involving in 1992 the creation of Town councils of prevention of the delinquency. Consequently, the font does not answer any more the model conventional of the centralized administration and standardized, and tends to work in co-operation with other institutions.
Thereafter, the law of guideline and coding relative to the security, known as “! law Pasqua! ”, of January 21st, 1995, the debate reintroduced on the relationship between the font and public freedoms. Stressing repression, making font the central part of the legislative operative paragraph, these new provisions had as an ambition to record the developments of these last years by stressing several points: need for coordinating the national police force and the gendarmerie! ; reconnaissance of the role of the municipal police, and that of the private agencies of security. The law Pasqua especially operated a centring of the security not only to the profit of the police, but also of State, perceptible institution with the fact that the prefect, for example, saw himself entrusting a capacity of animation and coordination of the prevention of the delinquency and insecurity, to which the mayor is only associated.
The penal mediation, already tested during the years 1990 and 1991 near certain courts, into force became new extensive in the legislative operative paragraph. She testifies to the concern of avoiding the overall dimension of the courts and especially of quickly bringing an answer to the conflict, generating situations of a feeling of insecurity. According to the cases, this attempt at agreement is sought by the magistrate himself or, more often, by a third party who works under grant of representation (associations of victim assistance, organisms of judicial control). The finality of these provisions is to bring a solution friendly and adapted to the regulation of certain small litigations, while avoiding necessarily resorting to the sanction. This reform considerably amended the professional exercise of the police services which had to take into account it in the implementation of the survey.
In the field of the police techniques, the contribution of search in the exploitation of the evidence inspired the creation of specific a subdirectorate known as “! technical and scientific font!” (1985). The Head office of the national police force decided to adopt a computerized system of processing of the fingerprints whose realization was entrusted to the French company (1986). This automated national file was to contribute to the coherence and the efficiency of the French system whose was in the beginning.
The terrorist danger for its part involved creation in 1984 of the Unity of fight against terrorism which has a specialized section, the RAID.
In 1986, the General inspection of the national police force integrated the General inspection of services (IGS), “! organizes fonts!”. Its role relates to the control and the discipline of the police officers at the time of faults of a professional nature or incidents related to the private life of the official.
As from October 1986, called quota could carry out their military obligations in the national police force in the capacity as auxiliary police officers.
The monopoly exerted by the official police force yielded ground with the interventions of the municipal police and the private agencies. The mayor, holder of the capacity of municipal police, has the right, with the approval of the public prosecutor, to propose with his consulting the creation of a police service municipal, even if its commune is included in a district of font of State. These agents, recruited on contest, sworn in, carrying a uniform, can have a firearm and form one of the bodies of the territorial public function.